Can Cats and Dogs Have Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Lisa Selvaggio
by Lisa Selvaggio

You’ve heard of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people, but did you know that dogs and cats can also develop it and exhibit repetitive behaviors that get in the way of everyday life? Below is some helpful information on the causes, symptoms, and treatments of canine compulsive disorder and feline compulsive disorder.

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Compulsive Disorder in Cats: Causes and Symptoms


When cats have OCD, they exhibit repetitive behaviors, so they’ll do certain things over and over again throughout the day over an extended period of time. When they perform their compulsive behavior(s), you may find it difficult to stop them, and figuring out why they’re doing it may be challenging, too.  


At first, your cat might be doing things that seem normal, but if it’s a compulsion, your pet won’t stop. As an example, if your kitty is grooming, you won’t think anything of it, until there’s a bald spot on their body from overgrooming. Therefore, compulsive behaviors can be stressful for both you and your kitty.


A cat might develop OCD for a variety of reasons, such as:



Cats with compulsive disorder try to cope with something that bothers them by doing things like:


  • Chase their tail
  • Pace
  • Lick themselves excessively
  • Self-mutilate, such as by biting or chewing on themselves
  • Vocalize excessively
  • Chew or suck on objects around the house, such as fabric
  • Run after imaginary things


Just because a cat is doing something repetitively doesn’t necessarily mean they have feline OCD. For example, they might be uncomfortable with pain or discomfort, they might have allergies, or they might be ill. So, it’s important to take note of your pet’s daily behaviors and the frequency of any repetitive behaviors so you can discuss those symptoms with your veterinarian, who can then determine the cause and provide the right treatment. You can also work with your vet to uncover and eliminate the triggers of your cat’s OCD.   


Compulsive Disorder in Dogs: Causes and Symptoms


Like cats, dogs with OCD perform repetitive and disruptive behaviors, sometimes in a frantic manner, to try to deal with stress, anxiety, and negative experiences or changes in their daily life. You might notice that your dog is restless but can’t figure out why.  


Compulsive behaviors can seem to happen out of nowhere all at once, or you might notice that they increase in frequency or intensity over time. Also, behaviors might seem normal at first until you note that they’re repetitive and your dog has trouble stopping themselves even when you try to redirect them.


There are various reasons why a dog might develop canine compulsive disorder, such as:


  • They might be reacting to a stressful situation, like moving to a new home or conflict with another dog or pet.
  • They might be exhibiting negative behaviors because of trauma they experienced in the past.
  • They might be bored or have unmet needs. For example, they might need more environmental enrichment and daily interaction with humans and other dogs or pets to let their energy out through play and exercise.
  • Certain dog breeds might be more prone to OCD because of their genes.


Dogs with compulsive disorder might do things like the following in an attempt to feel better:


  • Pace or circle
  • Bark excessively
  • Chase their tail
  • Freeze and stare
  • Chew on or lick themselves excessively (e.g., flank sucking), even to the point of self-injury or fur loss
  • Bite at the air (known as fly biting or fly snapping), or chase shadows and lights
  • Chew, suck on, or eat objects around the house


Repetitive behaviors don’t automatically mean your dog has canine OCD; other causes include illnesses, infections, allergies, injuries, or pain. Note when your dog exhibits certain behaviors, when those behaviors started, and how frequently they happen. Your veterinarian can use that information to determine the cause, provide the right treatment, and suggest strategies for reducing or eliminating triggers, and might also consider your dog’s breed and genes to target the OCD properly.


How Is Compulsive Disorder Diagnosed and Treated in Dogs and Cats?


Once a veterinarian has ruled out other causes, including medical problems, and has determined that OCD is the cause of your pet’s behavior, they might recommend one or more of the following, depending on your individual animal’s needs:


  • Medications that help stop compulsions or reduce anxiety (e.g., clomipramine)
  • Foods, supplements, and natural remedies that promote calm (e.g., herbs, flower essences, acupuncture)
  • Maintaining a daily routine that’s predictable
  • Ensuring all pets have easy access to all the resources (e.g., food, water, toys, beds, litter boxes, etc.) they need
  • Increasing the amount of time spent interacting with your pet
  • Encouraging more daily exercise, activity, and play (e.g., hiking with your dog or setting up a catio for your cat)
  • Creating a safe, calm, and quiet home, including removing OCD triggers
  • Providing environmental enrichment, including various toys, puzzle feeders, snuffle mats, etc. to prevent boredom
  • Using positive reinforcement training and socialization techniques, avoiding accidentally rewarding compulsions, and redirecting your pet rather than punishing them for OCD behaviors
  • Working with a pet behaviorist to improve behaviors, reduce conflicts between pets, and ensure your animal’s wants and needs are met


Note: Playing with a laser pointer can be frustrating for dogs and cats, potentially contributing to compulsive behaviors, because they never get to “catch their prey.” So, use other toys they can fetch, grab, bite, toss, and tackle instead.


There are also many products you can try to reduce your pet’s stress or anxiety if that’s the cause of their compulsions. Examples include canine and feline pheromones, such as Feliway MultiCat Diffuser, and calming vests like ThunderShirt for Dogs.

Also worth considering: your dog or cat might be sensing your negative feelings or state of mind, as your emotional state might affect your pet too. For example, if you’re anxious, your furry friend might pick up on that and feel the same way, potentially leading to compulsive behavior.    


If Your Pet Has OCD, You Can Help Them


OCD is similar in dogs and cats when it comes to causes, symptoms, and treatments. The key is determining if your pet does indeed have OCD, and then working with your vet to provide relief and stop the compulsive behaviors. It’s best to address the issue as soon as possible, and lifelong management of the condition might be necessary.


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Lisa Selvaggio
Lisa Selvaggio

Lisa Selvaggio is a freelance writer and editor, and our resident cats-pert, with certifications in pet nutrition and pet first aid. She enjoys producing content that helps people understand animals better so they can give their pets a safe and happy home.

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