How Do I Set Up a Proper Terrarium?

Angela Vuckovic
by Angela Vuckovic
SeventyFour/Shutterstock

Setting up a terrarium is one of the first and most important steps in providing a safe, healthy home for your exotic pet. Whether you're housing a reptile, amphibian, or insect - or just want to grow a small indoor ecosystem - getting the basics right will make all the difference.


Start with the Right Type of Terrarium


First, decide what kind of environment you're building. Terrariums come in two main types:


  • Closed terrariums hold in moisture and work well for humidity-loving plants like mosses and ferns.
  • Open terrariums allow airflow and are better for dry-climate plants or animals that need ventilation.


If your terrarium will house an animal, factor that in early. A setup for plants alone is very different from one meant for reptiles or amphibians. Each species has specific space, light, and temperature needs.


Choose a Suitable Enclosure


Plant terrariums can be as simple as a glass jar or a repurposed fish tank. For pets, especially reptiles and amphibians, you’ll need a secure, ventilated tank, ideally one made of glass or sturdy plastic.


  • Aquatic and semi-aquatic setups are necessary for turtles, newts, and amphibians that require water.

No matter the type, make sure the enclosure is large enough for the animal’s full adult size and includes a tight-fitting lid to prevent escapes.


Select the Right Substrate


The substrate, or bedding, is a key part of the setup. It helps control humidity, absorbs waste, and provides a surface for digging or burrowing.


  • Use coconut fiber, reptile bark, or soil for tropical species that need moisture.
  • Choose sand or calcium-based substrates for desert reptiles - though avoid loose sand for juveniles due to the risk of impaction.
  • Reptile carpets or paper towels are easy to clean and safer for beginners.


Avoid cedar or pine shavings, which can release harmful oils.


Provide Heat and Light


Reptiles and amphibians can’t regulate their body temperature internally, so heating and lighting are essential.


  • Install a heat lamp or ceramic heater to create a warm basking area.
  • Add UVB lighting if your species requires it for calcium absorption and bone health.
  • Use thermometers and hygrometers to monitor temperature and humidity accurately.


Without proper heat and light, many reptiles will become sick over time.


Add Furnishings and Maintain the Habitat


Finish the setup with essentials like hiding spots, climbing branches, and water bowls. These give your pet a sense of security and allow them to express natural behaviors.


Finally, keep the terrarium clean and check on your pet’s condition regularly. Remove waste daily, spot-clean as needed, and deep clean the enclosure on a schedule appropriate to your animal.

With the right setup and regular care, a terrarium can be a stable, enriching home for your pet - and a rewarding project for you as an owner.

Angela Vuckovic
Angela Vuckovic

A proud mama to seven dogs and ten cats, Angela spends her days writing for her fellow pet parents and pampering her furballs, all of whom are rescues. When she's not gushing over her adorable cats or playing with her dogs, she can be found curled up with a good fantasy book.

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