Expectations vs. Reality: The Hidden Challenges of Designer Breeds

by Britt

Published: March 23rd, 2026

Photo credit: Yuwa / Shutterstock.com

For years, the rise of “designer dogs” like Cockapoos, Labradoodles, and Cavapoos has been fueled by a specific promise: that these mixes offer the “best of both worlds.” Many prospective dog parents have chosen these breeds under the impression that they are easier to train, more hypoallergenic, and better suited for family life.

However, a new study from the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) in England is urging those looking to add a furry family member to take a second look at those assumptions.

The research, recently published in the journal PLOS One, suggests that these popular mixed breeds not only fail to deliver on the promises above, but that they may actually display more behavioral challenges than the purebred dogs used to create them.

The study analyzed over 9,400 responses from guardians of Cockapoos, Labradoodles, and Cavapoos, comparing them against responses from guardians of Cocker Spaniels, Labrador Retrievers, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, and Poodles.

What the study revealed was eye-opening for many in the dog community. In 44.4% of the comparisons they looked at, designer crossbreeds showed higher levels of undesirable behaviors than their purebred counterparts. Specifically:

Cockapoos exhibited the highest frequency of behavioral issues among the three.
Cavapoos scored lower in 11 different behavioral categories when compared to Poodles and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.
Labradoodles presented a mixed bag, showing more issues in five categories but performing better in six others compared to Labs and Poodles.
In 82% of situations where a purebred would display a problem behavior, their doodle offspring were likely to show a more exaggerated version.

Common struggles reported by dog parents included significant difficulty with training and an inability for the dog to settle when left alone, traits that can lead to high levels of stress for both the dog and their human.

Dr. Rowena Packer, a senior lecturer at the RVC, warns that the “easy-to-own” marketing surrounding these dogs can be misleading. When a dog parent expects a naturally well-behaved family member and gets a high-energy dog with complex needs, the gap between expectations can, unfortunately, lead to pets being surrendered to shelters.

The reality is that the impact of genetics is not a simple math equation that will always work in your favor. When you cross two distinct breeds, you aren’t guaranteed to get only the positive traits of both; you are playing a genetic lottery.

Nature vs. Nurture

While the study highlights genetic trends, it is important to maintain perspective. Studies like this remind us that breed is not the sole factor that drives a dog’s behavior. Their individual personality is shaped by several critical things:

Early Socialization: Exposure to different environments, sounds, and people during the first 16 weeks of life.
Health Status: Underlying pain or medical issues can often manifest as “bad” behavior.
Training Consistency: Regardless of breed, dogs require clear communication and positive reinforcement to thrive.

For those of us dedicated to providing our dogs with the best possible quality of life, this study is a reminder to do our homework rather than blindly trusting marketing promises. Understanding that a Cockapoo might inherit the high-drive energy of a Spaniel alongside the intelligence (and potential boredom) of a Poodle allows potential dog parents to decide if their home is the right environment for that dog to succeed.

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Rachel M.

Britt

Britt Kascjak is a proud pet mom, sharing her heart (and her home) with her “pack” which includes her husband John, their 2 dogs – Lucifer and Willow – and their 2 cats – Jinx and Theia. She has been active in the animal rescue community for over 15 years, volunteering, fostering and advocating for organizations across Canada and the US. In her free time, she enjoys traveling around the country camping, hiking, and canoeing with her pets.

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To ensure your dog enjoys a long, happy, and healthy life, it is your responsibility to find practical solutions for your dog's needs (both physical and mental) even on the coldest days. Luckily, there are options! Let’s look at a few… Explore the Outdoors Safely Before you head outside to play in the ice and snow, there are a few key safety considerations we need to prioritize with our best friends in mind. Winter introduces some unique risks, and understanding your dog’s specific needs is the first step towards a safe, enjoyable season for all involved. Know Your Dog’s Limits Not all dogs are created equal when it comes to cold tolerance. What one dog may consider a casual brisk walk could introduce dangerous levels of exposure to the elements for another. Looking at our two pups as an example, our Anatolian Shepherd mix, Willow, loves rolling and burying herself in the snow, refusing to come inside for hours on end. Meanwhile, our little guy Lucifer ( German Shepherd/ Australian Cattle Dog) shivers after he’s been out for too long unless he’s properly geared up. Knowing how this applies specifically to YOUR dog is essential. Dogs with shorter coats, little body fat, or small frames (like Greyhounds, Beagles, or Chihuahuas) lose heat more quickly and need more protection. On the other hand, dogs with dense, double coats (like Huskies or Malamutes) are built for the cold. That said, even cold-weather dogs still need to be monitored! Age also influences your dog’s cold tolerance. Both puppies and senior dogs are less efficient at regulating their body temperature. Seniors, in particular, may also have underlying conditions like arthritis that are made worse by cold and dampness, meaning their outdoor play and exercise sessions must be shorter and lower-impact. While what is considered to be “ too cold” will vary by breed, a general guideline is that temperatures below 32°F (0°C) should be met with caution and limited time outside. Once the temperature dips below 20°F (-7°C), being outdoors can be genuinely dangerous for most dogs and should be limited to quick potty breaks only. Winter Gear Checklist Whether you have a dog who is particularly sensitive to the colder temperatures or you’re worried about other winter-related hazards like chemical de-icers and antifreeze, your cold-weather gear can make all the difference. Here are a few items I highly recommend to keep your pup safe and comfortable: Coats and Sweaters: Look for coats that cover the body from neck to tail and provide coverage over the chest and belly, such as the Hurtta Expedition Parka. There are even overall-style coats, like the Ruffwear Vert Coverall, that offer more protection. Choose materials that are waterproof and windproof to prevent conductive heat loss, especially if you live in a wet or windy climate. Booties: The pads of your dog’s paws are highly susceptible to damage from ice, sharp ice chunks, and, most critically, chemical de-icers (salt). Booties are the gold standard for full protection against chemicals and ice balls forming between their toes. You could use traditional boots, like the Canada Pooch Dog Winter Boots, or if you struggle to keep them on, try a suspender style like the Walkee Paws Dog Boot Leggings. Be sure to introduce them slowly and find a pair that fits securely. Paw Balms/Waxes: If you have a dog who simply won’t tolerate boots, paw balms and waxes like Musher’s Secret are a great alternative. They create a protective, moisturizing barrier on your dog’s paw pads. However, they offer no protection against caustic sidewalk salt and require an immediate paw wash when you get home to remove everything safely. Visibility: With the sun going down earlier during the winter months, visibility is a huge concern. Always use reflective gear or incorporate LED lights, using products like the Nite Ize NiteHowl Rechargeable LED Dog Necklace, RC Pets Nova LED Light Harness, or Nite Ize SpotLit Rechargeable Collar Light. Strategic Outdoor Exercise When cold weather limits your time outside, you have to think outside the box to ensure your pup will get the maximum physical and mental benefit from their time while keeping them safe. Here are a few small shifts you can make to your normal outdoor routine during the winter months: Frequency Over Duration: Instead of trying to force one long, uncomfortable walk, plan for two or three brisk, 15–20 minute power walks throughout the day. This will help you ensure your dog is getting the physical activity they need to stay healthy without risking prolonged exposure to the dangerous cold. Optimal Timing: Always aim to walk during the warmest part of the day, which is typically late morning or midday. Even a few extra degrees of warmth when the sun is out can make a significant difference in your dog’s comfort and safety when playing outdoors. Consider the Intensity: To get more out of a short walk, try to incorporate short bursts of activity. Integrate short periods of power walking or quick trotting (if your dog is fit enough) followed by a normal pace. To boost the enrichment opportunities, stop frequently to allow intense sniffing. Sniffing is a huge mental workout that helps satisfy their needs even if their physical activity is limited. Safe Snow Fun: If your dog loves the snow, you can definitely give them the opportunity to enjoy that! Allow for 10-minute bursts of fetch or zoomies, providing high-energy, short-duration activity followed by coming inside to warm up. You can also turn the snow into a fun “find it” style game. Scatter high-value treats in the snow and cue your dog to “Find it!” This engages their sense of smell, making it a great way to burn energy quickly through mental enrichment. Always ensure you prioritize winter safety during your outings. Never allow access to frozen ponds or lakes unless you’re positive the ice is safe, as thin ice poses an immediate, life-threatening risk. Slips on cleared ice can also cause severe injuries. Be sure to use reflective or LED gear if you must walk near dusk or dawn, as low light conditions are far more dangerous for your pup. Always pay attention to your dog’s body language. Immediately head back inside if you notice any of the following warning signs: shivering, repeatedly lifting paws, or an obvious reluctance to keep moving. These red flags mean your dog is too cold or in pain.

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