Genetic Research Aims to Improve Health of Working Farm Dogs

While many of us share our lives with our beloved pets, companions who fill our lives and homes with joy, there’s an entire population of dogs whose dedication extends beyond the backyard: the working farm dogs. These unsung heroes of the farming world put in long, hard hours, and just like our own pets, they deserve the best possible care.
That’s why a groundbreaking research initiative in New Zealand is making headlines.
Scientists are working to unlock the genetic secrets that can improve the health and performance of these working dogs, ultimately leading to a better quality of life. This is being done through a three-year project at Massey University, named “ The Right Dog for the Job.” Supported by industry partners and the Ministry for Primary Industries, the researchers have recently hit a significant milestone: the whole-genome sequencing of 249 dogs.
This extensive work and analysis have uncovered a staggering 19 million DNA variations within the sampled population, which include 130 huntaways, 104 heading dogs, and 15 crossbreeds. While the impressively large number of variations may sound complex and overwhelming, the project's ultimate goal is straightforward: to provide farmers and breeders with valuable information to make informed breeding decisions, leading to healthier and more capable work dogs.
The research aims to pinpoint genetic variants (differences in DNA sequences) that could impact a dog’s health or ability to perform these demanding jobs.
Professor Matt Littlejohn, who leads the research team, explained that while they could make educated guesses about which variants may be present in farm dogs based on their lineage (such as the influence of border collies), the genome sequencing allows them to know for sure.
And, as it turns out, it uncovered a few interesting surprises! Two unexpected findings stood out: the prevalence of variants in the CUBN and CLN8 genes.
The CUBN variant is linked to vitamin B12 malabsorption, which can lead to serious health problems if left untreated. Thankfully, this condition can be managed with treatment, making this proactive testing a valuable tool.
The CLN8 variant, on the other hand, is associated with a severe neurodegenerative disorder causing loss of motor function, seizures, and blindness, often leading to euthanasia. While the percentage of animals carrying this variation wasn’t extremely high (between 2% and 8% of dogs tested), their frequency in New Zealand farm dogs was higher than observed in many other international breeds.
It's important to understand that these genetic variants are recessive. This means that a dog must inherit two copies of the muted gene, one from each parent, to develop the associated health issues. Dogs carrying only one copy are known as carriers and don’t show any symptoms themselves.
Awareness of which dogs are carrying these variants can help breeders make informed decisions on which dogs are fit for breeding, significantly minimizing the risk of producing puppies suffering from these genetic diseases. This not only improves the health and well-being of individual dogs but also contributes to the overall resilience of these working breeds.
In its next stage, the project will involve collecting even more DNA samples and working closely with farmers and veterinarians to gather data on both health and working performance traits. It will also focus on identifying genetic variants unique to New Zealand farm dogs, with the initial findings being genetic variants known from other breeds.
The “Right Dog for the Job” project is a testament to the commitment to providing these hard-working animals the best possible quality of life!
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Britt Kascjak is a proud pet mom, sharing her heart (and her home) with her “pack” which includes her husband John, their 2 dogs – Lucifer and Willow – and their 3 cats – Pippen, Jinx, and Theia. She has been active in the animal rescue community for over 15 years, volunteering, fostering and advocating for organizations across Canada and the US. In her free time, she enjoys traveling around the country camping, hiking, and canoeing with her pets.
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