Do Cats Make the Purr-fect Therapy Animals?

by Nevena Nacic

Published: May 9th, 2025

foto_and_video/Shutterstock

Therapy dogs are trained to provide support and affection to people in hospitals, care centers, hospices, and nursing homes. While dogs make amazing therapy pets, therapy cats are becoming increasingly popular in animal-assisted therapy.

Dogs are widely used to comfort people and help them recover from physical and mental health problems. Like therapy dogs, therapy cats reduce stress and loneliness and offer comfort and companionship. They are recommended for people afraid of dogs or larger therapy animals, like horses

Therapy cats are often taken into unpredictable environments filled with unfamiliar people. That’s exactly the type of setting that can stress a typical cat.

Unlike dogs, cats tend to value their territory more than their relationship with humans or other cats. Cats also prefer predictability and stable environments.

However, more and more cats can be seen traveling alongside their owners. These felines not only tolerate but flourish in environments that were once believed to be stressful for them. So, what’s up with these cats, and why are they so different?

A 2021 study found that some cats can benefit from their owners’ presence in stressful situations and new environments. Animal behavioral researcher, Alexandra Behnke, found that nearly half of the 42 cats tested showed signs of the secure base effect, a bond that helps reduce stress and inspires cats to explore new surroundings when reunited with their owner. This bond could be the thing helping therapy cats feel at ease in new environments.

In a recent study, Joni Delanoeije, a researcher in human animal interaction, investigated how therapy cats differ from the average pet cat. The study analyzed data related to 474 cats. Of those cats, 12 had offered animal-assisted services.

This study found that therapy cats are friendlier with both people and other cats, more attention-seeking, and less opposed to being restrained.

These findings suggest that certain personality traits, like being sociable and easygoing, could make some cats better at handling interactions with people in unfamiliar environments. On the downside, only a small number of therapy cats were involved in this study, and we need more research to lock in any solid answers.

Let’s not forget that therapy cats have strong and trusting bonds with their owners. It seems that early socialization and training are also important for preparing cats to deal with the uncertain nature of service work.

However, even if a cat possesses all of these traits, it can still face challenges in therapy. A 2023 study of cat-assisted services found that even the best therapy cats may struggle in practice.

This study found that 68% of owners ended the visit early when they thought it best for the cat. Owners in this study also reported having strong bonds with their felines. This connection is most likely the reason behind the cat’s ability to adapt, providing a sense of safety and predictability in a potentially difficult situation.

Cats are different from dogs in many ways. They have different social needs, temperament, and adaptability. Although these differences must be considered during selection for therapy work, they also come with advantages. For example, therapy cats can be more beneficial to people who are afraid of dogs or those who see themselves as “cat people.”

Both cats and dogs elicit similar levels of happiness, but dog images evoke significantly more fear. Fear of dogs could diminish the effects of dog-assisted therapy for some people, making cats a great alternative.

Dogs might be the traditional therapy animal, but cats also have what it takes to help people feel better. With a bit of training and the right temperament, cats can soothe and offer support to people of all ages.

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Nevena Nacic

Nevena is a freelance writer and a proud mom of Teo, a 17-year-old poodle, and Bob, a rescued grey tabby cat. Since childhood, she had a habit of picking up strays and bringing them home (luckily, her parents didn't know how to say NO). When she's not writing for her fellow pet parents, Nevena can be found watching Teo sleep. To her defense, that's not as creepy as it sounds!

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Purr-fect Guide to the Sounds Your Cat Makes

You can understand what your kitty is trying to tell you. Here’s our guide to interpreting the sounds your cat makes. In addition to body language, your kitty communicates with you using a variety of sounds. Knowing how to decipher these sounds will help you better understand what your furry friend is trying to say. The short guide below is a good place to start, but keep in mind that every pet is unique, so get to know your cat by spending time with him and learning his ways. The Classic Meow Kittens meow to call out to their moms, but they tend to meow less often as they get older if they live outdoors. Even though cats in the wild don’t meow to one another to communicate, kitties who end up living indoors with people will use this sound to talk to their human family. Related: Tell-Tale Signs Your Cat May Be in Pain If your cat meows, he probably wants something, whether he’s hoping to play or eat, as a couple of examples. Or you may find that your kitty says meow simply to say hello. Beware, though, that meows can also indicate discomfort, illness, or loneliness. Older felines, for example, might end up meowing more often because they feel anxious when they’re alone or because they can’t see or hear well. If your cat is meowing a lot more than usual, a trip to the vet may be warranted to make sure he isn’t hurt or sick. As you get to know your kitty, you’ll be able to decipher his different meows, such as those that are done in succession or those that are longer. Depending on how your cat meows, you’ll be able to determine if he’s feeling annoyed, if his vocalizations indicate objection, or if he’s asking for something. The Comforting Purr When your kitty purrs, he’s likely feeling relaxed and content, though scientists have also stated that cats may use purring to heal themselves. Related: 6 Easy Ways to Make Your Cat Happy Just keep in mind that this familiar feline sound may also indicate that your cat isn’t feeling too well or that he’s agitated, threatened, or nervous. To determine whether the purr is a happy one or not, you can look at your cat’s body language for other clues. The Intimidating Hiss and Growl When a cat hisses, he’s trying to let you know that he’s prepared to fight if necessary. He likely feels threatened or is extremely agitated and wants to let you know that it’s your last chance to back off. Even a shy kitty who isn’t sure of a situation may feel the need to hiss, and abused felines or those who have lived as strays won’t hesitate to hiss if they want you to stay away. Hisses are sometimes accompanied by deep growling sounds, which also indicate that a cat is territorial, angry, fearful, or agitated. A cat who is growling will likely be puffed up, with his tail wagging or twitching, his ears back, and his back arched. These are all signs that he’s ready to strike, so it’s best to stay away. The Adorable Chirps and Trills Chirps and trills are very cute, and they’re also learned during kittenhood. If you’ve ever seen a mother cat interacting with her litter, you might’ve heard her chirp and trill to get them to follow her or pay attention. Adult cats may also use these sounds to speak to one another or to tell you to come look at something. The Strange Chatter If your cat has ever stared out the window to catch a glimpse of local wildlife, you may have heard him make a strange chattering sound. This is thought to indicate his frustration or excitement as he focuses on potential prey that’s out of reach. The Distressed Yowl One sound that cat owners don’t want their kitties to make is the yowl. This is a loud, long, drawn out meow that sounds more like a moan and indicates negative emotions, such as discomfort, worry, distress, or pain. Elderly kitties may yowl if they suffer from conditions such as cognitive disorders that make them feel disoriented. Intact felines could also yowl to find a mate, or a cat might yowl at another feline to tell him to stay away. If your cat is yowling a lot, he may not be feeling well, so it’s a good idea to have him checked by a vet. And if there aren’t any health concerns and your kitty is still yowling, it may be a sign of boredom, so giving your pet extra attention might help. Cats make a lot of different sounds to let you know how they’re feeling. Get to know your kitty by really paying attention to his vocalizations. You may be surprised by how well these fur babies can communicate with you.

Can Cats Get Dementia?

It starts as a slight, subtle shift. Maybe your senior cat, the one who has always greeted you at the door, now seems confused when you walk in. Or perhaps they’ve started meowing loudly in the middle of the night, a behavior completely out of character. For many cat parents, these changes are simply attributed to old age, a natural slowing down.But what if it’s more than that? What if these aren’t just the harmless quirk of an aging cat, but instead, the first signs of a serious condition that requires your attention and care?These changes are often symptoms of Feline Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (FCDS), a condition similar to Alzheimer's disease in humans. It’s a disorder that impacts a cat’s memory, awareness, and their learned behaviors. The good news is that, with the right information and a compassionate approach, you can still give your cat an incredible quality of life throughout their golden years.What is Feline Dementia? Feline Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (FCDS), otherwise known as Feline Dementia, is a progressive age-related decline in a cat’s cognitive function. On a biological level, for those interested, it involves a gradual breakdown of neurons and a buildup of proteins, like beta-amyloid, in the brain. FCDS affects your cat’s ability to think, remember, and learn, having a lasting impact on many aspects of their life. The behavioral changes you see aren’t a choice that they are making; they’re a direct result of these physical changes in the brain. The condition is surprisingly common, with experts saying approximately one-third of cats aged 11-14 years old will show at least one sign of FCDS, increasing to 50% for cats over 15 years old. While it’s easy to jump to conclusions when you see these changes, many symptoms associated with FCDS can be caused by other, very treatable, medical conditions that are also common in senior cats. This is why a vet visit is so necessary. A diagnosis of FCDS is often a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning they will first rule out other potential causes for the symptoms. Some of the conditions with symptoms that are often mistaken for feline dementia include: Hyperthyroidism: This condition causes an overproduction of thyroid hormones, which can lead to hyperactivity, excessive vocalization, and restlessness that may look like FCDS symptoms. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Uncontrolled high blood pressure can cause your cat to become disoriented and confused, and may even lead to sudden blindness. These changes can all cause your cat to bump into things as if they are lost. Chronic Kidney Disease: This often results in increased thirst and urination, which can lead to accidents outside the litter box, which a cat parent may incorrectly assume is caused by confusion. Arthritis or Chronic Pain: If your cat is in pain, they may stop using the litter box because it’s too difficult to get in and out of. Their personality can also change. They may become less social and more irritable simply because they are hurting. Because of this overlap, the first step is always to make an appointment with your vet for a complete medical checkup. Knowing the underlying cause is the only way to make an effective plan to get your cat the help they need. Recognizing the Warning Signs With so much overlap, it can be hard to identify FCDS. It’s also natural to dismiss the more subtle change in your aging cat’s behavior as just “getting old.” However, keeping a watchful eye on specific signs can help you recognize changes that could signal a potential cognitive issue. Some of the biggest red flags to look out for include: Vocalization: Have you noticed your cat is meowing or howling aimlessly, especially at night? This is often one of the first and most common signs of FCDS. Your cat’s communications may seem to have no purpose, and your cat might not respond when you try to comfort them. Interaction: Pay attention to how your cat is interacting with you, other family members, and other pets in the home. They may become withdrawn, less interested in being petted, or even seem apathetic. Conversely, some cats with dementia become more needy, clingy, or even irritable and aggressive. Changes in Sleep Cycle: A significant change in your cat’s sleeping patterns is a major sign of trouble. Cats with FCDS often flip their day and night schedules, sleeping more during the day than they used to, and become restless, active, and vocal at night. Bathroom Accidents: A cat that has always used the litter box perfectly may suddenly start having accidents in the house. This isn’t out of spite; it can be due to confusion about where the box is or forgetting what it’s for. Disorientation: This is one of the most visible signs of confusion in cats. Your cat might get lost in a familiar room, stare blankly at a wall, or stand by their food bowl as if they don’t know what it is or what it’s for. You might also notice them wandering aimlessly or getting stuck in corners and behind furniture. Changes in Activity Levels: A decrease in playful behavior or interest in toys, especially a loss of interest in their favorite toys or activities, is a common sign. However, some cats with FCDS may exhibit a new habit of pacing or an increase in aimless activity. Anxiety: A new or heightened state of anxiety, stress, fear, or agitation can also be a sign of FCDS. Your cat may seem jumpy or restless without a clear cause. Loss of Memory or Learned Skills: Is your cat forgetting learned behaviors? They may forget where their favorite napping spot is, how to use a pet door, or that they have just been fed. This is a direct result of the cognitive decline affecting their memory. Keeping a log or journal of your cat’s behavioral changes can be incredibly helpful. Note not only what you observe, but also when it happens, and if anything specific triggered the response. This information will provide your vet with the concrete details needed to make it much easier for them to assess the situation and land on an accurate diagnosis.

Why Is My Pet Bird Losing Feathers?

Feather loss in pet birds can be alarming. Their vibrant plumage is part of what makes them so striking - and when feathers start falling out unexpectedly, it’s often a sign that something’s wrong. While some feather loss is completely normal, other cases may point to a health issue, environmental stress, or behavioral problem.Here’s what you need to know about the most common causes.Molting: Normal Feather LossThe most common reason birds lose feathers is molting, which is a natural process where old or damaged feathers are replaced by new ones. Most pet birds molt once or twice a year, and it can last for several weeks.During molting:You’ll see feathers at the bottom of the cageNew “pin feathers” may poke through the skinYour bird may seem a bit less active but should still be eating and behaving normallyWhen to worry: If the feather loss seems uneven, happens outside of molting season, or is focused in certain areas, it could be a sign of something else.Stress and Environmental FactorsBirds are highly sensitive to changes in their surroundings. Stress can lead to a behavioral issue called feather plucking, where the bird pulls out its own feathers.Possible stressors include:Loud noises or sudden changes in routineBoredom or lack of enrichmentA new pet or person in the householdInadequate lighting or poor cage placementDrafty rooms or fluctuating temperaturesBirds need a consistent day/night cycle, a quiet and safe environment, and regular mental stimulation to stay healthy - both physically and emotionally.

How Season Changes Can Affect Your Pets (and What You Can Do About It)

Just like us, our furry (or feathery or scaly) companions can feel the shift when the seasons change. While they may not be reaching for pumpkin spice lattes or sunscreen, pets are surprisingly sensitive to changes in weather, daylight, and temperature.Understanding how these changes affect them can help you keep your pet comfortable, healthy, and happy year-round.Disclosure: PetGuide may receive a small affiliate commission from purchases made via links in this article but at no cost to you.

What is Giardia in Cats?

It’s a moment of concern that no cat parent wants – when you scoop the litter box, and something just looks… off. Perhaps your usually energetic cat seems a little less playful, or their stool isn’t its normal consistency. We strive to give our cats the best possible quality of life, and any change of behavior that deviates from their usual happy, healthy selves sends us searching for answers. After all, we want to fix it! Right? While we often think of obvious threats and concerns, like fleas and ticks, some of the most common challenges to our cats' well-being are microscopic pests and parasites. One such threat that is often overlooked or undiscussed is Giardia, an intestinal parasite that can significantly impact your cat’s digestive health and overall comfort. Understanding Giardia – how it spreads, the signs to watch for, and most importantly, how to prevent and address it – is vital for every cat owner. In this post, we’ll talk about the basics of Giardia and the practical steps you can take to prioritize your cat’s health. What Exactly is Giardia? Giardia is a protozoan – a single-celled, microscopic parasite, different from the bacteria and viruses we usually associate with health problems. Think of protozoa as tiny, primitive organisms that can move around and often live within a host animal. Another protozoan parasite that impacts the intestine, you may have heard of, is Coccidia. This is important to note, as while they all fall under the broad umbrella of parasites, their life cycles and the challenges they pose for the host animal can differ. For Giardia to survive and spread, it relies on a two-stage life cycle. The first stage is the cyst. These are the hardy, protective capsules that the Giardia organism forms outside the host’s body. It allows the organism to survive for weeks or months in cool, moist environments like contaminated water sources, soil, and food. The cycle continues when a cat ingests these cysts, perhaps from grooming them off their fur after walking through contaminated soil or drinking from a contaminated puddle. Inside the cat’s small intestine, the cysts grow into active, feeding organisms known as trophozoites. These trophozoites attach to the intestinal lining, interfering with nutrient absorption and causing the symptoms associated with Giardiasis. As they multiply, some trophozoites will transform back into cysts, being shed in the cat’s feces to complete the cycle and allow the parasite to infect other animals (or re-infect the same cat). What Cats Are Most Susceptible to Giardia? Any cat can pick up Giardia, but several factors could increase a cat’s risk. Cats with outdoor access are at a significantly higher risk due to their access to potentially contaminated soil, puddles, and the feces of other infected animals. Additionally, multi-cat households have a higher risk as they share litter boxes, food bowls, and even groom one another, making transmission between the cats more likely. Kittens and very young cats are particularly vulnerable to the effects of Giardia, as their immune systems are still developing and may not be strong enough to fight off the infection as effectively. Similarly, cats with compromised immune systems due to stress, illness, or other underlying health conditions are also more susceptible to developing an infection if exposed to Giardia. Common Signs of Giardia in Cats Detecting Giardia in your cat can be challenging. The symptoms cover a broad spectrum, ranging from virtually unnoticeable to severely debilitating. Some cats can even be asymptomatic carriers, meaning they carry the parasite and shed cysts into the environment without showing any outward signs of the illness. Symptoms can also be intermittent, appearing for a few days, disappearing, and then recurring weeks later, making it difficult for even the most observant cat parent to identify if they have recovered. Here are the most common signs to watch out for: Gastrointestinal Troubles When Giardia does manifest noticeable symptoms, it primarily affects the gastrointestinal system. The most common and tell-tale sign is diarrhea. This isn’t just any loose stool; it’s often characterized as soft, watery, or even greasy in appearance. It also frequently has a foul odor. You may notice mucus in the stool, or in more severe cases, traces of blood. This is why it’s important to be observant when cleaning your cat’s litter box to pick up on any signs of trouble their waste may reveal. While less common than diarrhea, vomiting can occur, especially if the infection is severe or persistent. In young kittens or chronic cases, the loss of nutrient absorption caused by Giardia can lead to weight loss and a general failure to thrive, hindering their growth and development. A cat struggling to absorb nutrients from their diet may also display poor coat health, with their coat appearing dull, dry, or unkempt despite keeping up with their regular grooming. Subtle signs of abdominal pain or discomfort may be present. This includes a hunched posture, sensitivity when touched around the belly, or a reluctance to enjoy their usual playful daytime activities. Behavioral Changes Beyond the gastrointestinal struggles, Giardia can also lead to more general signs of illness, with your cat’s behavior revealing that they aren’t feeling quite like themselves. A noticeable decrease in their activity level (lethargy) is common, as they no longer have the usual energy to keep up with their day. You may also notice a loss of appetite or a reduced interest in food or treats, contributing to further weight loss. In cases of severe diarrhea and vomiting, dehydration can become a serious concern, especially because cats are, naturally, more prone to hydration-related problems. Visible signs of dehydration include sunken eyes or skin that, when gently pinched, is slow to return to its normal position. When to Be Concerned Any persistent change in your cat’s bathroom habits, particularly chronic or recurring diarrhea, should be considered a red flag. While soft stool doesn’t necessarily mean Giardia, these consistent changes are often a sign of a more significant medical issue. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to minimizing your cat’s discomfort, furthering the spread of the parasite, and helping your cat feel like their happy, healthy self again.

How Can I Make My Home Safe for a Blind Dog?

When faced with the news that our best friend is blind or losing their vision, it’s natural to be concerned or even feel overwhelmed. You may worry about how they’ll navigate their world, find their food, or even enjoy their daily routines. However, we have good news. Many blind or visually impaired dogs live long, happy, confident lives.Vision loss doesn’t change your dog’s ability to be truly happy; it just shifts how they experience the world, relying more on their other incredible senses. In this article, I’ll share how you can set up your home in a way that will keep your blind or visually impaired safe while also boosting their independence and overall well-being. With these tips, you’ll be able to create a space that will help your dog thrive!Blind from Birth vs. Vision Loss Later in LifeBefore making any significant modifications to your home, it’s helpful to understand your dog’s journey. After all, the needs of a dog who has always been blind can differ significantly from those of one who is losing their vision later in life. While many adaptations will benefit all blind dogs, recognizing your dog’s unique needs and challenges will help you tailor your efforts to provide the best support. Despite the differences in these two experiences, I want to stress that all blind dogs can lead happy, healthy, and fulfilling lives. They may look a little different as you make adjustments with their safety and comfort in mind, but it is possible!The “Always Blind” Dog Dogs born without sight or who lose it early in life (as a young puppy) often adapt naturally as they grow. Why? Navigating the world without their vision is their normal. If they have never experienced sight, they don’t miss it and don’t need to change how they approach their daily routine. They grow up relying more heavily on their sense of smell, hearing, and touch to learn about and explore their surroundings. Any training and obedience is tackled with this lack of sight in mind, meaning they don’t have to relearn their basic commands or how to communicate with their people. Instead, they learn to follow clear verbal cues confidently. Like all dogs, they benefit from a steady and predictable routine. The confidence of an “always blind” dog largely stems from never knowing anything different, learning how to adjust to their environment early, and relying on consistent routines. The “Losing Vision” DogVision loss later in life can be more challenging to navigate, both for the dog and the dog parent. The reason is that your dog will now have to transition to a new normal, making many changes to the routine they are used to. Vision loss can impact some of the most basic aspects of a dog’s daily life. Vision loss can be gradual, due to conditions such as Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) or cataracts, or sudden, as in some cases of glaucoma or Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome (SARDS). This transition can cause confusion, anxiety, fear, or even signs of depression as your dog’s world begins to change. They may bump into familiar objects, become hesitant to move, or seem disoriented in the home where they were once comfortable. You will need to offer your dog patience and reassurance as you slowly introduce new ways of navigating their day-to-day life. This includes adjustments to your routine, as well as to your home, to accommodate your dog’s changing needs. They will need your support as they grieve the loss of their sight and develop new coping mechanisms. Your veterinarian is also an essential part of this journey. They will work to identify the cause of the vision loss, explore any potential treatments, and help you manage any pain or discomfort that may be associated with it.Creating a Safe Home Environment One of the most important considerations in giving your blind dog a high-quality life is providing them with a safe, comfortable, and predictable home environment. You can help them learn how to move with confidence and independence by assisting them to create a mental map of the space with consistent sensory input (through touch, scent, and sounds). Consistency for Success A fundamental rule for living with a blind dog is never to move furniture. Once they have built a detailed mental map of the home, they will use it to navigate furniture, walls, and other obstacles. They memorize the layout and learn how to move through it safely. Every time you move a piece of furniture, you disrupt this map, causing confusion, anxiety, and potential bumps or injuries. Explain the importance of this consistency to all family members. Ensuring everyone is on the same page will help prevent miscommunications and unnecessary challenges. If you need to move something, create a plan to transition your dog safely and smoothly. Temporarily guide your dog around the new placement until they have remapped the space and can confidently navigate the new layout on their own. For significant changes, consider temporarily restricting your dog’s access to a smaller, familiar area and gradually expanding their access as they become familiar with the space. Navigating StairsStairs are one of the most significant safety risks for blind dogs. Falling down a flight of stairs can cause a serious injury. But unlike their sighted counterparts, they can’t see where that first step begins. Luckily, there are ways to limit your dog’s access and keep them safe. Installing a sturdy, securely mounted safety gate at the top and bottom of all staircases ensures they will only navigate that challenge when you’re by their side to help. Pay careful attention to the details of the gates you are considering. You need to choose one that’s tall enough that your dog can’t jump over and strong enough to hold up to their weight, even if they lean against them. If you have elevated areas within your home (such as a bed or couch) that your dog needs to navigate, or outdoor steps that cannot be avoided, a ramp can be a game changer. You can build large ramps for bigger outdoor staircases or purchase a reliable ramp designed for use with furniture. Introduce ramps slowly and with positive reinforcement, helping your dog learn how to carefully move up and down them without slipping off the side. If they are struggling, consider installing a rail to guide their movement.

What's the Best Way to Stop My Cat's Hairballs?

It’s a struggle nearly every cat parent has experienced at least once. You’re enjoying a quiet evening, curled up on the couch, when you suddenly hear that distinctive retching sound. Your heart sinks a little knowing what’s coming, and sure enough, there it is: a slimy gift on your once-clean rug. A hairball.The unwelcome by-product of your cat’s dedicated grooming habits. While they may be common, that doesn’t make them any less gross or, more importantly, any less concerning for your cat’s well-being. While an occasional hairball might be a normal part of living with a cat, frequent or problematic hairballs should be taken seriously.In this post, I will explain exactly why hairballs happen and the potential risks associated with them that you should be familiar with. More importantly, I’ll share steps you can take to significantly reduce their frequency and help your cat lead a more comfortable, hairball-free life.Why Hairballs FormTo tackle hairballs, you must first understand how they are created. It all begins with your cat’s grooming habits, a cornerstone of feline hygiene. Cats are renowned for their cleanliness, spending a significant portion of their day meticulously grooming themselves. This process isn’t just about looking good; it’s essential for their skin and coat health.Their secret weapon to effective grooming is their tongue. A cat’s tongue isn’t smooth like ours; it’s covered in tiny, backward-facing spines called papillae. These spines act like a natural brush, running through the fur as they lick, snagging loose and dead hair, dirt, and debris.The Journey of Ingested HairAs your cat grooms, a certain amount of this loose hair is inevitably swallowed. For the most part, this ingested hair will pass harmlessly through their digestive system and be expelled in their waste. This is the ideal scenario, and it happens without a hitch for many cats.However, sometimes the hair doesn’t make it all the way through. When a significant amount of hair accumulates in the stomach, it can clump together, forming a dense, compact mass that your cat’s digestive system can no longer process or pass. This is what we know as a hairball, or scientifically, a trichobezoar. At this point, your cat’s body recognizes that it is something that needs to be expelled, triggering the familiar retching, and you know the rest…Why Some Cats Form More Hairballs Than OthersWhile every cat grooms and ingests some hair, certain factors can significantly increase the likelihood that your cat will be unable to pass this hair, leading to hairball formation. This includes:Coat length and type: This is perhaps the most obvious factor. Long-haired breeds, like Maine Coons, Persians, or Ragdolls, naturally shed and ingest far more hair during grooming than their short-haired counterparts. More hair going in means a higher chance of a hairball forming.Shedding season: Just like us, cats experience seasonal shedding. During these high shedding periods, typically in spring and fall, the sheer volume of loose hair they ingest skyrockets, making hairballs more prevalent.Grooming habits: Sometimes, a cat may groom excessively, causing them to ingest more hair than usual. This over-grooming isn’t always about cleanliness. It can be a symptom of underlying issues like stress, anxiety, allergies, skin irritations, or even pain in a particular area. Addressing the root cause of the over-grooming is essential if you want to reduce hairballs.Underlying health issues: Less commonly, a cat’s digestive system might not function as it should. Conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), other digestive tract issues, parasites, or even dental problems that make eating uncomfortable can hinder the normal passage of the ingested hair through the intestines. This, of course, makes it more likely to accumulate in the stomach and form a hairball.When Hairballs Become a Concern Hairballs may not be a pleasant experience, but an occasional hairball is nothing to be too concerned about. However, as cat parents, we must learn how to recognize the fine line between a regular occurrence and a potential health concern. Normal vs. Problematic HairballsFor most cats, especially those with longer coats or during shedding seasons, producing a small hairball every now and then can be expected. Think of it as their natural way of clearing out the ingested hair that didn’t make it through the digestive tract. However, if your cat starts producing hairballs frequently (for instance, several times a month or multiple times a week), you should consider it a red flag. Similarly, if the hairballs are unusually large or they are accompanied by other noticeable changes in your cat’s health or behavior, it’s time to pay closer attention. These are signs that something more might be going on, suggesting that your cat’s system isn’t processing the hair effectively. Signs of Serious Hairball Issues If you notice any of the following symptoms combined with, or in place of, frequent hairballs, it’s a strong indication that there may be bigger concerns requiring prompt vet attention: Frequent vomiting (beyond just hairballs): If your cat consistently throws up food or bile, even without producing a hairball, it suggests a broader digestive upset or other underlying medical issues. Straining to defecate or constipation: Hairballs can sometimes become lodged in the intestines, making it difficult for your cat to pass stool. You might notice them repeatedly trying to use the litter box unsuccessfully. Loss of appetite or weight loss: A significant decrease in food intake or noticeable weight loss is a serious red flag, often signaling a gastrointestinal blockage or other significant health issue causing discomfort. Lethargy or hiding: A sudden change in your cat’s energy levels, becoming unusually sluggish, withdrawn, or hiding more than usual, can be a sign of pain or illness. Persistent coughing or gagging (without producing a hairball): This symptom is particularly concerning, as it could be a sign of a partial obstruction in the throat or esophagus, or even a respiratory issue mimicking hairball attempts. Bloated or painful abdomen: A swollen, distended, or tender belly is a critical sign of a severe blockage or other abdominal problem. Diarrhea: While less commonly associated directly with hairballs, persistent diarrhea can also signal overall gut upset that might be contributing to or exacerbated by hairball issues. The Danger of Intestinal Blockages The most significant risk associated with hairballs is the potential for an intestinal blockage, also known as an obstruction. This occurs when a hairball becomes too large or dense to pass safely through the narrow space of your cat’s intestines, getting stuck and completely blocking the digestive tract. This isn’t just uncomfortable; it’s a genuine medical emergency that can quickly become life-threatening. An intestinal blockage prevents food and waste from moving through, leading to severe pain, dehydration, tissue damage, and potentially rupture of the intestine. If left untreated, it can be fatal. This medical emergency almost always requires immediate vet intervention, which often includes surgery to remove the obstruction. This is why it is so critical that cat parents learn to recognize the signs of trouble and seek veterinary care without delay if they suspect something may be wrong.

Bam Bam, the Stolen Support Dog, Reunited with Owner After 2 Months

It’s taken more than two months, but Bam Bam the service dog has been reunited with his family in Chicago. His owner, Angel Santiago, is 58 years old and legally blind, and desperately searched for his missing pooch ever since he went missing. Here are the details.

Grooming Tools for that Self-Sufficient Feline

(photo credit: lucky_pics / shutterstock.com)Do you brush your cat? Let me rephrase that. Does your cat let you brush her? Because if she’s longer-haired she should be brushed daily – regardless of how annoyed she becomes with you. And for shorter-haired felines, at least once a week to keep both cat and home, reasonably free from flying fur.But there’s more because beyond ensuring your fluffball looks her very best, brushing out all that loose fur stimulates the natural oils for a healthy, shiny coat and reduces the likelihood of her developing those dread hairballs. Yes, due to how frequently a cat licks and preens her fluffy coat throughout the day, hairballs are not uncommon. At best, they pass through her system and straight into the litter box. More typically, they build in her digestive tract until they’re too large to move through her. At this point, she regurgitates them back up as a slimy mass of hair you’re almost certain to step in. And then there are the extreme cases where the mass grows to become a solid blockage that requires veterinary intervention. So, let’s not let it get to that point.If you’re trying to keep your feline well-groomed but she won’t tolerate brushing for more than a few seconds, what can you do? Don’t give up for starters. Choose to move through the process in increments. Start with gentle brushing in the areas she approves of, then gradually increase the coverage while praising and offering treats along the way. At the same time, build the duration up from just a few seconds to a few minutes.Now, kitty may well have plans for primping that don’t include you. When that’s the case, a little hands-off assistance may be just the ticket and thankfully the pet industry has developed some cat-friendly tools your feline will actually enjoy using.

Animal Shelters in NYC Hit Record Number of Pets, Suspend Intakes

Like animal shelters in other parts of the country that are overcrowded, those in New York City are desperate to find homes for the many pets who are up for adoption, including dogs, cats, and rabbits. The NYC shelters have hit record numbers of animals and are no longer able to take any others, so they put out a call for help. If you or someone you know are thinking about getting a pet, it’s worth seeing the many beautiful animals available at Animal Care Centers of New York City (ACC).

These Common Household Items Could Harm Your Dog

Bringing a dog into your home means more than belly rubs and morning walks. It’s also important to create a safe space where your furry companion can thrive. While many pet parents dog-proof cabinets and invest in chew toys, they might overlook everyday items that actually pose serious risks. Here's a list of ten common household hazards you should keep out of your dog’s environment to ensure a safe, tail-wagging home.Disclaimer: This list highlights common dangers but is not exhaustive. Always consult your veterinarian or a pet safety expert for personalized advice.

Biotech Firms Might Make Ozempic Available for Pets

You’ve heard of Ozempic for weight loss in people, but did you ever think that it would be an option for overweight dogs and cats? Well, biotech firms are working on bringing to market an implant that will function in a similar way to GLP-1 receptor agonists in humans. If trials are successful, you might see veterinarians prescribing it in 2028 or 2029.

Research Finds Anxious Cats at Higher Risk for Bladder Inflammation

A recent study published in the Journal of Veterinary Behavior is shedding light on something many cat owners have suspected but couldn’t prove - anxious cats are significantly more likely to suffer from recurring bladder trouble.The research, carried out by Marianne Caudron, Pascale Laroche, Isabelle Bazin, and Marion Desmarchelier at the CHUV veterinary hospital in Montreal, Canada, took a close look at 33 cats diagnosed with idiopathic cystitis—a nasty inflammation of the bladder that causes painful, often bloody, peeing. Idiopathic means vets ruled out infections, stones, and tumors.Half the cats in the study had just one bout of cystitis, while the other half experienced multiple flare-ups. To find a pattern, owners filled out detailed surveys about their cats’ behavior and environment, including things like fear of strangers, aggression, litter-box habits, and indoor setup.Turns out, the most anxious cats were the most likely to get sick again. The study found that 94% of cats with recurring cystitis were notably fearful of strangers, compared to 59% among cats who only had one episode. Moreover, introverted and shy cats fared worse than their aggressive or risk-taking peers. Researchers discovered that cats who tend to hide or freeze around strangers were more susceptible to bladder flare-ups. While it might seem farfetched, stress can impact your cat’s urinary tract health.Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system (your cat’s stress response), leading to hormonal shifts that can weaken the bladder lining. This makes it easier for inflammation to take hold, even without any infection or stones. A similar thing happens to people with chronic interstitial cystitis.Interestingly, the pandemic gave researchers a kind of “stress lab.” With cats forced into disrupted routines, owners stuck at home 24/7, cases of idiopathic cystitis doubled.According to veterinary experts, preventing repeat cystitis in our feline friends involves addressing both behavior and environment.So, what can you do if your cat starts showing signs of cystitis, like peeing outside the litter box, straining to urinate, or going more frequently in tiny amounts? Many cat owners swear by pheromone diffusers like Feliway. While the science is still a bit mixed, it’s a low-effort option worth trying, especially if your cat is easily rattled. You might also look into calming supplements or special stress-reducing diets. These often include natural ingredients like tryptophan, alpha-casozepine, L-theanine, and omega-3s, all of which can help calm your cat.Next up: hydration and diet. Cats naturally don’t drink a lot of water, so switching to wet food or just adding a splash of water to their meals can help flush out their bladder and keep things moving. If your vet recommends it, a prescription urinary diet can also make a big difference. Some of these are specially formulated to reduce stress while supporting bladder health, a win-win for anxious kitties.Don’t forget about the environment. Cats thrive on routine, so try to keep changes to a minimum. Stick to regular feeding times and avoid introducing too many new people, pets, or major changes all at once. Make sure your cat has easy access to clean litter boxes, ideally one per cat, plus an extra. Quiet spots to retreat to, cozy hiding nooks, window perches, and interactive toys or puzzle feeders can all help your cat feel secure and mentally stimulated.And if your cat seems especially anxious or the bladder issues keep coming back, it might be time to consult a professional. A veterinary behaviorist can work with you to understand your cat’s triggers and put together a personalized plan to reduce stress and build their confidence over time.Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Why Won't My Bearded Dragon Eat?

It can be concerning when your bearded dragon suddenly stops eating - especially if you’re not sure what’s causing the change. Bearded dragons are generally good eaters, so a lack of appetite is usually a sign that something’s off. The good news is that most feeding issues have identifiable causes, and once you figure out what’s wrong, you can usually correct it. Here’s what to consider if your bearded dragon won’t eat.Improper Tank ConditionsOne of the most common reasons for appetite loss is incorrect temperatures or lighting inside the enclosure. Bearded dragons rely on external heat to digest their food. If the basking area is too cool, their metabolism slows down, and they may stop eating altogether.Make sure your setup includes:A basking area between 95–110°FA cool side around 75–85°FProper UVB lighting, replaced every 6 to 12 months depending on the typeUVB light is essential for synthesizing vitamin D3, which helps them absorb calcium. Without it, bearded dragons can develop serious health issues, including loss of appetite.

How to Tell If Your Hamster Is Overweight (and What to Do About It)

When we bring a hamster into the home, we quickly fall in love with the cute, fluffy little ball of energy. We focus on providing everything they need to live their best little lives, including providing a safe habitat, a healthy diet, and plenty of enrichment. However, there’s one common health concern that’s often overlooked – obesity.While a hamster’s chubby cheeks are part of their charm, being overweight can lead to serious, life-shortening health issues.In this post, we’ll share how to identify if your hamster is carrying a little too much weight, the common reasons for weight gain, and, most importantly, tips for creating a clear action plan to help your furry friend live their longest, happiest, and healthiest life.Why is an Overweight Hamster Concerning? It’s easy to look at a plump hamster and simply think they’re well-fed and happy. But beneath that cute, round exterior lies the potential for health risks that can significantly impact their quality of life and reduce their lifespan. Just like in humans, carrying around excess weight puts a strain on your hamster’s tiny body. This can lead to a long list of medical issues and complications. Understanding these potential dangers is the first step toward preventing them and keeping our little friends safe. Diabetes One of the most significant risks for overweight hamsters, particularly for certain species such as the Djungarian hamster, is diabetes. An unhealthy diet high in sugar and fat can lead to insulin resistance. This disturbance in insulin levels can progress to diabetes. The warning signs can be subtle at first, including increased thirst and urination. If left unmanaged, it can lead to cataracts, kidney failure, and a host of other problems. Strained Joints and Organs That extra padding isn’t just external. It’s also collecting around the vital organs. Over time, this extra fat can lead to heart and liver disease, compromising their function and making your hamster more susceptible to other illnesses. Furthermore, your hamster’s tiny skeleton is not designed to carry a lot of extra weight. An overweight hamster may develop joint problems, making it difficult for them to move around, climb, or even run on their exercise wheel. This lack of mobility and exercise creates a vicious cycle where a less active hamster gains even more weight, further compounding the problem. Shortened Life Ultimately, all of these health issues combine to shorten your hamster’s life and diminish its quality. A hamster that is in pain, out of breath, or unable to move freely is a far cry from the active, curious little creature they are meant to be. The goal of any pet parent is to provide a long, happy life, and addressing their weight issues is a key part of that commitment. How to Tell if Your Hamster is Overweight Determining if your hamster is overweight isn’t just about stepping on a scale (although weighing them could be part of the process). Instead, it’s a process of careful observation, combining what you see with a gentle touch. Think of yourself as a detective, looking for cues that their body is carrying a little more weight than it should. The Visual Check The first and easiest step is simply to look at your hamster. An ideal body shape for most hamster species is a sleek, pear-like shape. From above, you should be able to see a distinct narrowing behind their shoulders, with the body then becoming lightly wider around the hips. Of course, this will vary from species to species. There are also notable differences between hamsters and dwarf hamsters. An overweight hamster, on the other hand, will have a body that is consistently round from head to tail, with no visible waist. You may notice their sides bulging noticeably when they sit. Keep in mind that a hamster with full cheek pouches can look bigger, but this is a temporary state! The key to deciding is looking at their body shape when their pouches are empty. The Touch Test For a more accurate assessment, you can perform a gentle touch test. Known as palpation, this approach is used by veterinarians and small animal experts. When your hamster is feeling calm and relaxed, gently run your fingers along their sides. In a healthy hamster, you should be able to easily feel their ribs, hip bones, and spine with a thin layer of fat over them. If you have to press firmly to feel these bones, or if you can’t feel them at all because of a thick layer of fat, it’s a strong indicator of excess weight. Of course, there is also the other extreme. If their bones are easily felt without any fat over them, your hamster may be underweight. This is also a serious concern that requires a vet visit. Behavioral CluesBeyond their physical appearance, your hamster’s behavior may also provide valuable clues that something is “off.” Is your hamster’s activity level dropping off? A healthy hamster is an active hamster, and a significant drop in their use of a wheel or their interest in climbing and exploring their surroundings could be a sign that their weight is making it difficult to move. Another sign they may be struggling with their weight is that they fail to keep up with their grooming needs. An overweight hamster may not be able to reach all areas of their body, resulting in a dull or unkempt coat. In more serious cases, you may even notice labored or heavy breathing after even the lightest activity. The Weight ScaleWhile visual and behavioral cues are crucial, you can use a small digital kitchen scale as a tool for monitoring your hamster’s weight over time. Weigh your hamster at the same time each week and record the results. The single number at any one time isn’t the most important data here; it’s the trends over time and the direction their weight is moving. Keep this information in a detailed journal along with any notes about behavioral changes or other signs of trouble. A sudden increase in weight could be a sign of a medical problem. A gradual increase over a few months is more likely to be a sign that your hamster would benefit from a change to their diet or daily exercise.

5 Great Dog Breeds for New Dog Owners Over 50

Let’s be real—getting a dog later in life can be one of the best decisions ever. You’ve got more time, more patience, and possibly a little more money to spend on fancy dog jumpers (no judgment—I’ve done it). But if you’re brand new to the dog world, the idea of choosing a breed can feel a bit… overwhelming.You want a pup who’s friendly, manageable, and won’t redecorate your living room by chewing the sofa cushions into modern art.So here’s my list of five dog breeds that are generally a good fit for beginners over 50. (Bonus: most of them are sofa-friendly snuggle experts.)

Do Our Pets Experience Phantom Pain?

Studies are helping us understand this neurological phenomenan and what we can do to help our pets post-surgery.

How Do Cats Mark Their Territory?

Cats don’t just mark territory for the sake of claiming things - they do it to feel safe, reduce stress, and communicate with other cats. Territory marking can include physical actions like rubbing, scratching, or spraying, as well as more subtle cues like patrolling or lounging in favorite spots.Scent Glands and BuntingCats have scent glands in several parts of their body, including:CheeksChinForeheadPawsBase of the tailWhen a cat rubs its face against furniture, walls, or your leg, it’s not just being affectionate - it’s bunting, a behavior that deposits pheromones onto objects. These chemical signals tell other cats, “I’ve been here,” and help the marking cat feel more secure in its surroundings.Subtle Scent MarkingNot all marking is obvious. Cats also claim territory by:Rubbing their body along walls, furniture, or peopleRolling on the floor in familiar areasSleeping or lounging in favorite spotsPatrolling certain routes in the home or yardThese behaviors distribute their scent and help maintain a sense of ownership and comfort.Scratching: More Than Just Claw MaintenanceScratching isn’t just about keeping claws sharp - it’s also a key way cats mark their territory. Their paw pads contain scent glands, so when a cat scratches a surface, it’s leaving behind both a scent marker and visible signs. These scratches act as a dual message: a warning to other animals and a familiar signal that helps the cat feel more secure in its space. That’s why you’ll often see repeated scratching on furniture, door frames, or posts - those spots become regular territory markers in your cat’s environment.Spraying: A Stronger MessageUrine spraying is a more intense form of territorial marking and, for many owners, one of the more frustrating ones. It’s different from normal urination - when spraying, a cat typically stands upright and releases a small stream of urine onto a vertical surface. This behavior is especially common in unneutered males, but it can happen with any cat, particularly when they’re stressed or feeling territorial. Spraying may be triggered by changes in the environment, the presence of new pets, or even the sight or scent of outdoor cats. Neutering often helps reduce spraying by lowering hormone-driven behaviors, but it doesn’t always eliminate it entirely - especially if the cat feels its territory is being challenged.Visual Marking and PresenceIn addition to scent, cats leave visual signals. Scratched furniture or posts are a clear message to other cats, and simply spending time in a space also marks it. Outdoor cats, in particular, will often follow the same paths and rest in specific spots to reinforce their presence.

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