What Vaccinations Do Dogs Need?

Angela Vuckovic
by Angela Vuckovic
Kamil Macniak/Shutterstock

Vaccinations are a cornerstone of responsible pet ownership, safeguarding your dog’s health and preventing the spread of serious diseases. While some vaccines are essential for all dogs, others depend on factors like lifestyle, environment, and risk of exposure. This guide breaks down the core and non-core vaccines your dog may need and helps you navigate their vaccination schedule.


Core Vaccines


Core vaccines are considered essential for all dogs due to the widespread risk and severity of the diseases they protect against. These include:


  • Rabies Vaccine


Rabies is a fatal viral disease that affects the nervous system of mammals, including dogs and humans. Vaccination is legally required in most countries and is critical for public health and safety. Puppies typically receive their first rabies vaccine at 12–16 weeks of age, followed by a booster after one year. Additional boosters are required every 1–3 years, depending on local regulations and the vaccine used.


  • Distemper Vaccine


The distemper vaccine protects against canine distemper, a highly contagious virus that affects the respiratory, nervous, and gastrointestinal systems. This vaccine is usually part of a multivalent formula known as DHPP (Distemper, Hepatitis, Parainfluenza, Parvovirus). Puppies start the vaccination series at 6–8 weeks, with boosters every 3–4 weeks until they are 16 weeks old. Adults require boosters every 1–3 years.


  • Parvovirus Vaccine


Canine parvovirus causes a severe and often fatal gastrointestinal illness, particularly dangerous for puppies. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. This vaccine is included in the DHPP combination and follows the same schedule as the distemper vaccine.


  • Adenovirus-2 (Hepatitis) Vaccine


This vaccine protects against canine infectious hepatitis, a disease that can damage the liver and kidneys. Like distemper and parvovirus, it is part of the DHPP vaccine and follows the same schedule.


Non-Core Vaccines


Non-core vaccines are optional and recommended based on a dog’s lifestyle, environment, and risk factors. Common non-core vaccines include:


  • Bordetella Bronchiseptica Vaccine


This vaccine protects against Bordetella, the bacteria responsible for “kennel cough,” a highly contagious respiratory infection. Dogs that frequent boarding facilities, dog parks, or grooming salons benefit from this vaccine. It may be given as an injection, nasal spray, or oral dose and typically requires annual boosters.


  • Leptospirosis Vaccine


Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease spread through contaminated water or soil, affecting the liver and kidneys. Dogs in rural or wet areas or those who swim in lakes and rivers are at higher risk. This vaccine is often combined with the DHPP vaccine as DHLPP and requires annual boosters.


  • Canine Influenza Vaccine


The canine influenza vaccine protects against “dog flu,” a contagious respiratory illness. Vaccination is recommended for dogs in areas with outbreaks or those exposed to high-risk environments like kennels, shelters, or dog shows.


  • Lyme Disease Vaccine


This vaccine protects against Lyme disease, a tick-borne illness that can cause fever, joint pain, and kidney damage. It is recommended for dogs in regions where Lyme disease is prevalent and for those exposed to tick-prone environments.


Importance of Vaccinations


Vaccinations not only protect your dog but also help prevent the spread of diseases to other animals and humans. They are a vital part of public health and responsible pet ownership. Regularly consulting with your veterinarian ensures that your dog receives a tailored vaccination plan based on age, breed, lifestyle, and location. To keep your dog’s vaccination schedule on track:

  • Maintain a vaccination record book to document doses and boosters.
  • Set reminders for upcoming vaccinations.
  • Work with your vet to update your dog’s medical history regularly.

For dogs that may be anxious during vet visits, bringing a comforting item, like a favorite toy or plush, can help soothe them - or, if their anxiety is more severe, use calming chews to ease them before going to the vet’s office.

Angela Vuckovic
Angela Vuckovic

A proud mama to seven dogs and ten cats, Angela spends her days writing for her fellow pet parents and pampering her furballs, all of whom are rescues. When she's not gushing over her adorable cats or playing with her dogs, she can be found curled up with a good fantasy book.

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