It's Genetic! Why Some Cats Are Naturally Louder

Have you ever wondered what makes one cat a super chatty communicator and another a silent observer? If so, you’re not alone! New research is now shedding light on this, and their findings suggest that the answer may be deeply embedded in their genes.
A study led by wildlife researcher Yume Okamoto and his team at Kyoto University in Japan explored the impact of genetics on feline vocalizations. The researcher asked cat owners in Japan to complete a questionnaire about their pets’ behavior, including purring and meowing directed at humans. At the same time, they collected DNA samples from the cats through a simple cheek swab.
To understand the findings of this study, we need to start with an understanding of a specific gene found on the X chromosome: the androgen receptor (AR) gene. This gene plays a key role in the body’s response to hormones like testosterone.
What’s particularly interesting about the AR gene is a section within it where a DNA sequence is repeated. The number of repetitions directly influences how responsive the gene is – fewer repetitions mean the receptor is more sensitive to androgen, while more repetitions mean the receptor is less sensitive. Why is this relevant? In previous studies, shorter repeats in the AR gene of other species (including humans and dogs) have been linked to increased aggression and extroverted behavior.
To determine whether this connection also exists in cats, the team analyzed survey and DNA results from 280 spayed or neutered cats.
They found that cats with the shorter AR gene variant were reported to purr more frequently. Additionally, male cats with this variant scored higher for vocalizations directed at their people, such as meowing to signal they wanted food or to be let outside. Meanwhile, female cats with the same genotype showed more aggression towards strangers.
However, cats with the longer, less active version of the AR gene tended to be quieter. The team noted that this longer variant was more prevalent in pedigree breeds, which are often selectively bred for more docile and calmer temperaments.
Not only does this information shine a light on the role genetics plays in a cat’s personality, but it also provides a better understanding of the impact being domesticated has had on our feline friends.
While it’s generally believed that domestication has led to more chatty behavior in our cats, the study revealed that the gene variant associated with more vocal communication and assertiveness was also found in wild cats, such as the lynx. The team hypothesized that this was because certain traits, such as assertiveness, may be passed on from generation to generation, especially in environments where resources are scarce or competition is high, to give cats a competitive edge.
After all, living alongside humans doesn’t always lead to calm and gentle animals. Sometimes a little “pushiness” pays off!
What does this mean for us, as cat parents? Understanding that some of your cat’s chattiness or more assertive behaviors may be due to genetics can help us better appreciate their one-of-a-kind personalities. We hope research into this connection continues so that we can better understand our cats and what drives them!
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Britt Kascjak is a proud pet mom, sharing her heart (and her home) with her “pack” which includes her husband John, their 2 dogs – Lucifer and Willow – and their 3 cats – Pippen, Jinx, and Theia. She has been active in the animal rescue community for over 15 years, volunteering, fostering and advocating for organizations across Canada and the US. In her free time, she enjoys traveling around the country camping, hiking, and canoeing with her pets.
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