Dog Anemia. What Is It and How Do You Treat It?

Mary Simpson
by Mary Simpson

Is it the same as anemia in humans? Well, yes... and no.

(photo credit: kunanan / shutterstock.com)

In a nutshell, Anemia is a condition that occurs when your red blood cell count drops, and it can become serious if left untreated because these cells carry oxygen throughout the body. For dogs, red blood cells should represent between 35-55 percent of their blood. When this number drops below 35%, anemia is present.


How Do Dogs Get Anemia?

Let’s look at the difference between anemia in humans and dogs. With humans, it can often be down to a poor diet low in iron-rich foods such as lentils, spinach, beef liver, and even tofu and chocolate. Slow-release iron pills can offset this drop.


For dogs, because their diets are typically shaped by the products put out by the pet food industry, diet isn’t usually the culprit. It can often be down to parasites such as ticks, fleas, or worms that can cause internal bleeding or diseases that attack their immune system, such as lupus, distemper, cancer, and some forms of arthritis. Anemia can even be the side effect of prescribed medications that irritate the stomach lining, resulting in an internal bleed.


And for some breeds including Cocker Spaniels, Dachshunds, Miniature Schnauzers, and Old English Sheepdogs, it can simply be part of their breed DNA.


How to Spot the Early Signs of Anemia

With it causing a significant drop in red blood cell count, it’s no surprise that one of the first obvious signs of anemia in your dog is whitish gums - rather than the usual pink. You’ll also note that your pet may seem listless or chronically tired – a tough call if you’re dealing with an elderly pet who tends to snooze a lot anyway, but for some, this sudden and unexplained tiredness will be a detour from your dog’s normal daily routine.


If their stool is suddenly dark in color and you know it’s not related to a change in diet, it may be caused by blood. Similarly, if your dog vomits and you notice blood, you may be witnessing the first signs of internal blood loss that may ultimately lead to anemia.


Now What?

If you’ve noted any of the above, it’s time to take your pooch to the vet, and this is where basic testing, a formal diagnosis, and a course of treatment will take place.


Be prepared to discuss your pet’s history, including activity levels, medications, eating and sleeping habits, and if there has been any opportunity for them to be exposed to toxins – including foods unwittingly shared by humans that are known no-no’s for dogs. Even onions or garlic can start to present as symptoms within 24 hours of ingestion.


The upside is that primary anemia can be treated and secondary anemia creates the much-needed red flag for something that needs a more in-depth treatment.

Mary Simpson
Mary Simpson

Sharing space with three seriously judgy Schnoodles and 2 felines who prefers to be left alone. #LivingMyBestLife

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