What are Sebacious Cysts and Should You Be Worried?

Mary Simpson
by Mary Simpson

Lumps, bumps, warts, and more... when should you raise the alarm?

(photo credit: Jiggo_Putter Studio / shutterstock.com)

What exactly is a sebaceous cyst (AKA epidermal inclusion cyst), and if you find one on your dog, should you be worried? The sebaceous gland itself is microscopic, and it secretes an oily yet necessary substance called sebum that the body uses to lubricate skin and hair. Located at the base of the hair follicle, when these glands become blocked, a waxy secretion can build up and cause small cysts to randomly appear.


How Do You Prevent Sebaceous Cysts?

Now, even if you’re extra diligent about the physical hygiene of your pet, these cysts are one of the more common skin growths on dogs, and they tend to occur as our pets age. And believe me, they can be numerous. While dogs prone to this type of cyst are those with oilier skins, including Shih Tzus, Schnauzers, Yorkshire Terriers, and hairless breeds, any dog at any age can develop sebaceous cysts. And according to the American Kennel Club (AKC), this particular type of cyst is one that can be prone to infection.


So, how do you prevent them? While they’re difficult to avoid entirely, there are steps you can take to help minimize your pet’s risks. These include regular brushing to stimulate the release of sebum and thereby prevent the blockages that cause this type of cyst, as well as diet. Establishing a healthy diet that’s rich in essential fatty acids and incorporates foods like green leafy vegetables and nuts into your dog’s meals to help balance pH levels. And balanced pH levels help support your pet’s immune system and prevent the formation of cysts.


Where Do These Cysts Appear?

Typically, you’ll find them on the dog’s upper body, including their head, neck, chest, pressure points like the elbow and along the edge of their eyelid. But from personal experience, I can tell you that my Schnoodles have developed them on the tops of their feet and lower legs as well. I can also confirm that these odd little lumps and bumps can crop up overnight and grow fairly quickly.


What do They Look Like?

Sebaceous cysts can range from a half-inch to almost two inches in length and present as a firm, defined or warty-textured lump. They may become crusty and ooze or bleed if bumped, then scab over. My veterinarian once described a series of these mini growths on my one dog as having “cauliflowered,” meaning as they grew, they took on a heavily textured (cauliflower-like) appearance and expanded outward rather than upward.


Treatment

This type of cyst is typically benign but should always be noted and examined by your veterinarian. In most instances, given their benign nature, the only type of treatment is to monitor them for any changes. If they’re large or excessive (as I’ve had with one of my dogs) they can be surgically removed while smaller ones can be cauterized if they become sore or weepy.


My dog has had two instances where sebaceous cysts were removed and later proven to be malignant. Unlike the other cysts, they had become oozy and would not heal over. To date, we’ve not had a recurrence, but it reinforces the importance of always ensuring your vet is aware of any lumps or bumps and has examined and recorded skin tags or growths that may suddenly appear.

Mary Simpson
Mary Simpson

Sharing space with three seriously judgy Schnoodles and 2 felines who prefers to be left alone. #LivingMyBestLife

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