How to Care for a Rabbit: A Practical Guide for New Owners

Angela Vuckovic
by Angela Vuckovic
NassornSnitwong/Shutterstock

Rabbits are gentle, intelligent, and adorable as it gets - but they’re also often misunderstood. While they might seem like low-maintenance pets, caring for a rabbit requires daily attention, proper setup, and an understanding of their unique needs. Whether you're considering adopting a bunny or you've just welcomed one home, here's what you need to know to help them thrive.


Creating the Right Living Space


Before anything else, think about where your rabbit will live. Rabbits can live indoors or outdoors, but no matter the setting, they need a safe, spacious, and enriching environment.


For indoor rabbits, a large exercise pen or a rabbit-proofed room is ideal. Make sure to cover electrical cords, remove toxic plants, and block access to narrow spaces where they might get stuck. A traditional cage is usually too small - your rabbit should be able to stretch out fully, hop around, and stand up on their hind legs comfortably.

If your rabbit will be outdoors, their hutch must be well-insulated, protected from wind and rain, and placed in a shaded area during hot months. The enclosure must also be secure from predators like dogs, cats, foxes, or birds of prey.


In either case, provide solid flooring (avoid wire bottoms, which can cause painful sores on their feet) and line it with soft, absorbent bedding such as straw, hay, or paper-based litter. Clean the living space regularly to prevent odor and illness. Don’t forget to include hiding spots, tunnels, and chewable items - rabbits feel safest when they have places to hide and things to explore.

 Feeding Your Rabbit the Right Way


A healthy rabbit diet starts with one essential ingredient: hay. Fresh, high-quality hay (like timothy, orchard, or meadow hay) should make up the majority of your rabbit’s diet. It’s not just food - it keeps their digestion moving and helps wear down their ever-growing teeth.


Alongside hay, offer a daily selection of fresh vegetables like leafy greens (romaine lettuce, dandelion, parsley, cilantro). Avoid iceberg lettuce, and offer treats like carrots or fruit only occasionally, as they’re high in sugar.


You can also include a small amount of high-fiber pellets, ideally free from added sugars, seeds, or artificial dyes. Think of pellets as a supplement, not a main course.


Fresh water should always be available. A heavy ceramic bowl is usually more comfortable for rabbits to drink from than a bottle, but both should be cleaned and refilled daily.

 

Exercise and Enrichment


Rabbits are active creatures who need time outside their enclosure every single day. Aim for at least 3–4 hours of supervised playtime in a safe, enclosed space. Free-roaming indoors (like a cat or dog) is becoming increasingly popular — just be sure the space is rabbit-proofed.


Mental stimulation is just as important as physical movement. Provide chew toys, cardboard boxes, tunnels, and even treat puzzles. Chewing is natural and necessary for rabbits, so having safe things to gnaw on will help save your furniture and cords.


Rabbits also do best with companionship — they’re social animals by nature. If you have the time and resources, consider adopting a bonded pair rather than a single rabbit.


Grooming and Health Checks


While rabbits groom themselves, they still need help from their humans.


  • Short-haired rabbits should be brushed weekly, especially during shedding seasons.
  • Long-haired breeds like Angoras need daily grooming to prevent painful mats.
  • Nails should be checked and trimmed every few weeks.
  • Teeth, ears, eyes, and bottoms should be inspected regularly for signs of overgrowth, discharge, or irritation.


Never bathe a rabbit - it can be extremely stressful and even dangerous. Instead, spot-clean with a damp cloth if needed.


Be alert for any changes in appetite, droppings, or behavior. If your rabbit stops eating, seems lethargic, or shows signs of discomfort, contact a rabbit-savvy vet right away. Common rabbit health issues include dental disease, gastrointestinal stasis (a digestive emergency), and respiratory infections.


A Rewarding Companionship


Rabbits may not bark or purr, but they have rich personalities and subtle ways of bonding with their people. With patience, proper care, and daily interaction, they can become deeply affectionate companions - playful, curious, and full of love.

Bringing a rabbit into your life is a long-term commitment, but for those who take the time to understand them, it’s one that’s richly rewarding.

Angela Vuckovic
Angela Vuckovic

A proud mama to seven dogs and ten cats, Angela spends her days writing for her fellow pet parents and pampering her furballs, all of whom are rescues. When she's not gushing over her adorable cats or playing with her dogs, she can be found curled up with a good fantasy book.

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